Start from Pinyin
Chapter 1: Core Components of Pinyin
Pinyin is composed of consonants, vowels, and tones.
Chapter 2: Consonants (23 in total)
| b | p | m | f | d | t |
| n | l | g | k | h | j |
| q | x | zh | ch | sh | r |
| z | c | s | y | w |
Chapter 3: Vowels (24 in total)
simple final (6)
| a | o | e | i | u | ü |
Complex vowels (18 in total)
| ai | ei | ui | ao | ou | iu |
| ie | üe | er | an | en | in |
| un | ün | ang | eng | ing | ong |
Chapter 4: Tone (4 in total)
| basic tone | Tone mark | Pronunciation characteristics | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| first tone |  |
The sound is steady, with no variation in pitch throughout. |  |
|
| second tone |  |
The sound rises from low to high. |  |
|
| the third tone |  |
The sound first decreases and then increases, first low and then high. |  |
|
| fourth tone |  |
The sound rapidly decreases from high to low. |  |
Chapter 5 Pinyin Pronunciation Rules
| Phonetic rules | Example | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic phonetic rules | b + a → ba m + o → mo d + i → di h + e → he | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Special spelling rules | jü = ju qü = qu xü = xu | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Whole-word recognition syllables |
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